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Calibrating the measurement system in a wind tunnel can further increase the accuracy of the velocity and the flow measurements. Also, the placement of the pitot tube in the passage will influence how accurately the measured flow tracks the actual flow through the passage. When measuring volumetric flow, the 'passage of a known diameter' must be designed to reduce air turbulence as the air mass flows over the Pitot tube. After the residual pressure read from the outlet cap stabilizes, take readings at each hydrant using a pitot gauge. Field personnel should slowly open each fire hydrant, one at a time, to avoid pressure surges. A hydrant’s inside diameter is usually 4.
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The volumetric flow is then calculated by measuring the average velocity of an air stream passing through a passage of a known diameter. Measure the inside diameter of the outlet nozzle or hydrant outlet where flow occurs. By varying the depth of stagnation tube, radially along the pipe, variation of velocity along the. The Pitot tube measures air velocity directly by means of a pressure transducer which generates an electrical signal which is proportional to the difference between the pressure generated by the total pressure and the still air (static pressure). Pitot tube generally gives local velocity of fluid flow. The incorporation of sensors to measure the air temperature, barometric pressure, and relative humidity can further increase the accuracy of the velocity and flow measurements. As this tube contains fluid, a pressure can be measured the moving fluid is brought to rest (stagnates) as there is no outlet to allow flow to continue. The basic Pitot tube consists of a tube pointing directly into the fluid flow.
Using a pitot tube to measure velocity software#
The accurate measurement of both air velocity and volumetric airflow can be accomplished using a Pitot tube, a differential pressure transducer, and a computer system which includes the necessary hardware and software to convert the raw transducer signals into the proper engineering units. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: PITOT TUBE: A Pitot tube is a pressure measurement instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity.